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Francis James Grimké
Francis James Grimké (October 10, 1850〔https://books.google.com/books?id=8EYyRsFFpaoC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=francis+grimke+october+10&source=bl&ots=eDD3rXJ7Yi&sig=q7oMqTrhIdHu3hns9ONkbzyXf-k&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAmoVChMIpPO45J64yAIVCTc-Ch3fhQyJ#v=onepage&q=francis%20grimke%20october%2010&f=false〕 – October 11, 1937) was an American Presbyterian minister in Washington, DC who was prominent in working for equal rights for African Americans. He was active in the Niagara Movement and helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
==Early life and education==
Francis Grimké was the second of three sons: Archibald and John were his brothers, born to Henry Grimké, a white (European-American) slaveholder of Charleston, South Carolina, and Nancy Weston, an enslaved woman of European and African descent. After having become a widower, the senior Grimke had begun a relationship with Weston. It appeared to be a caring one; he moved with her out of the city to his plantation where they and their family would have more privacy. She was his official domestic partner in the house. He and Nancy gave the boys their first lessons in reading and writing.
Henry Grimké was the brother of Sarah and Angelina Grimke, who moved to the North after becoming abolitionists. His other siblings continued to represent and carry out expected roles, as he mostly did, their prominent slaveholding family of Charleston.
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